Osteoporosis as long as we know we are in a society in which the bones become porous. Osteoporosis is a progressive condition in which bones become weak and structurally more likely to fracture or fracture. Normally, the body forms new bone tissue that is absorbed by the body to balance the amount of bone tissue that is broken down in the body. This is a natural process that occurs in every human body. Throughout the early part of life, the amount of bone loss and the resulting number is kept in balance. Bone mass (size and thickness) increased during childhood and early adult life, reaching a maximum at the age of 20 to 25 years.
Menopause usually happens in women aged 40-50 years, dramatically increasing the speed of bone loss, which is why osteoporosis in women was higher than men. Osteoporosis occurs when the body loses more bone faster than it can form new bone. Over time, the imbalance between bone breakdown and formation cause decreased bone mass, so that fractures occur more easily. Forty percent of women and twenty five percent of men over the age of 50 years will be affected by osteoporosis-related fracture in her lifetime elderly remaining. More than 2 million fractures (broken bones) occurred in the United States each year and the bone disease osteoporosis can cause serious health problems. A person affected by the disease osteoporosis need to exercise and get enough calcium and vitamin D to help keep bones to remain strong. Patients with osteoporosis may also need to take medicine to cure osteoporosis , especially osteoporosis in elderly.
Who is at risk for osteoporosis ?
According to the National Osteoporosis Foundation (NOF), Osteoporosis is a major public health threat for more than 44 million people in the United States, or 55 percent of those who had aged 50 years or more. Approximately 10 million people in the United States already have a history of osteoporosis and almost 34 million more have low bone mass, placing them at risk for osteoporosis. Eighty percent of those affected by osteoporosis are women.
Know Your Osteoporosis Disease :
Definitions, Pathophysiology and Risk Factors
Definition of osteoporosis according to Dorland Medical Dictionary 29th edition, namely the reduction of bone mass, causing fractures after minimal trauma. This is in line with the previously stated definition of osteoporosis is a condition that occurs when the body loses bone faster than new bone formation.
Pathophysiology of osteoporosis occurs where low bone mass and microarchitectural bone tissue damage occurs , lead to bone fragility and an increased risk of fractures. This occurs can be derived from genetic and environmental factors that influence bone mass and bone quality. As for understanding the pathogenesis of osteoporosis begins with knowing how bone formation and remodeling occurs.
Osteoporosis risk is higher if an advanced age, family history of osteoporosis, menopause, history of fracture , the elderly have a history of hip fracture, amenorrhea, anorexia nervosa, an inactive lifestyle , low calcium diet, lack of vitamin D, low testosterone (hypogonadism), smoking, drinking too much alcohol , taking certain medications (including some anti-seizure medications, thyroid hormones in large doses, or steroids ). Certain hormonal conditions can also affect osteoporosis.
Hormones Important Role In Diseases Osteoporosis
Too much or too little of certain hormones in the body can contribute to osteoporosis. Especially for women during and after menopause, the ovaries make much less estrogen. Loss of estrogen may also occur with the surgical removal of the ovaries or because of diet and excessive exercise. Whereas estrogen helps protect bones. Men produce less testosterone (and estrogen are produced in small amounts in men) as they age. This hormone decline may also cause bone loss that can lead to osteoporosis. Another hormone imbalance that can increase the risk of osteoporosis include overactive thyroid gland, diabetes, and hyperprolactinemia, where the pituitary gland to produce too much of the hormone prolactin.
Eating disorders, especially anorexia nervosa, increase the risk of osteoporosis. Bone loss occurs in part because of poor nutrition, and in women, partly because the ovaries stop functioning normally, produce little estrogen.
Causes of Osteoporosis :
Genetic Factors and Lifestyle
Causes of osteoporosis can occur from genetic (in) to the influence of lifestyle (outside). Causes of osteoporosis due to genetic factors can not be changed because it is innate , whereas the causes of osteoporosis due to the influence of lifestyle factors that can be changed.
Genetic factors cause osteoporosis include family history, gender, age and ethnicity,
while the influence of lifestyle factors, among others such as nutrition, regular exercise, smoking and alcohol consumption.
Why family history became one of the causes of osteoporosis ?
If someone has a family member with a history of osteoporosis then they are classified as at risk.
Gender factor is also very important, according to the study women were more likely to develop osteoporosis than men, it is closely related to hormones. One of the dominant female hormone estrogen which is closely associated with the causes of osteoporosis. Estrogen protects bones, so if someone has low estrogen levels, the person is more at risk for osteoporosis. Menopause causes a rapid decline in estrogen levels. In the male hormone that acts just like the hormone estrogen in women called tostesteron.
Are there other hormones that influence in addition to estrogen or tostesteron ?
Several other hormones play a role in regulating bone density, including parathyroid hormone. They help regulate how well a person uses calcium for bone growth. But if too much parathyroid hormone (hyperparathyroidism), causes loss of calcium in the urine at the expense of bone.
Avoiding Causes of Osteoporosis With Lifestyle Change
Osteoporosis is also caused by factors that can fully controlled , cause of osteoporosis is what we call the influence of lifestyle. Several lifestyle factors are closely related to the causes of osteoporosis include nutrition, exercise, smoking and alcohol consumption. Ideally every day
Regular exercise to strengthen bones, especially if the exercise is done with a combination of exercise some bone. Someone who does not exercise will make the bones become so weak that the higher the likelihood of osteoporosis.
Habits are very closely related to the cause of osteoporosis is smoking. Smoking can increase the chance of suffering from osteoporosis in which some chemicals contained in it makes it harder for the body to absorb calcium , and also inhibit the action of the hormone estrogen in the body.
Just as smoking, alcohol consumption can reduce the supply of calcium and decrease the quality of the use of calcium in the body.
The good news from all this, in the believe that bone health is largely influenced by lifestyle factors, so that the causes of osteoporosis can be controlled.
3 Important factors Prevention of Osteoporosis
Prevention of osteoporosis minimal attention to three important factors for maintaining healthy bones throughout life , is the amount of calcium, the amount of vitamin D, and exercise regularly.
Calcium is essential for maintaining strong bones. The recommended calcium intake of at least 700mg a day (equivalent to one liter of milk ).
Calcium can also be found in a number of different foods, including green vegetables, fruits, tofu and yogurt. That amount of daily calcium intake from food and supplements that you need to stay healthy in the prevention of osteoporosis according to the recommendations the Institute of Medicine (IOM).
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