Hormone
Understanding Hormones in Humans and General Functions
Hormones derived from Greet meaning stimulating. Hormone is a Protein compound that is secreted by glands clogged (endocrine) into body fluids (blood). A hormone produced by the gland cells were found in some parts of the body. Hormones also called edokrin system, also known as clogged gland, it is because they do not have a channel spending. Therefore, the transport of the hormone will be carried by the circulatory. Hormones carry messages that will affect target cells (target cells) in metabolism. When the hormone reached the target cells (target cells different from different hormone) hormone will affect the process of protein synthesis and metabolism in target cells. The influence caused by the action of hormones is very slow, very different from the nervous system is very fast in the delivery of the message. This is because the chemical messages carried by hormones related to physical maturation and growth requires a longer time than the messages carried by the nerves. Gland hormone in humans scattered in several parts of the body, which will secrete hormones that affect cell metabolism is different for the target (destination cell).
1. Pineal gland
The gland is composed of a set of small tissue mass near the center of the mammalian brain (almost to the surface of the brain). The pineal gland secretes the hormone melatonin, which serves :
~ Affect pigmentation (color) of the skin.
~ Regulate the biological clock.
The pineal gland is very sensitive to light. Production of the hormone melatonin in the pineal strongly influenced by light. The hormone melatonin to be produced with low light intensity (dark) therefore the evening is the optimum time to produce melatonin by turning off lights when sleeping.
2. Hypothalamus gland
The hypothalamus is a part of the forebrain (diencephalon) located below the thalamus which is a basic part of the brain. The hypothalamus plays an important role in the integration between the hormonal system and the nervous system. The hypothalamus will receive signals / messages from the nervous system and the hypothalamus then sends messages to the pituitary gland hormones or other glands (according to the environmental conditions) to respond to the messages. Liberator cells in the hypothalamus hormones are secreted (released), which will regulate the activity of the pituitary gland. The cells of the hypothalamus is a group of cells neurosekresi (nerve-hormone) which secretes two hormones :
1. liberator hormone (releasing hormone) which will set the pituitary to secrete hormones.
2. Hormone inhibitors (inhibiting hormones) that make stops pituitary secretes hormones.
3. Pituitary gland
The pituitary is a small organ that functions as an endocrine organ located at the base of the hypothalamus. In the past, these glands is known as "the master gland" because it produces a number of hormones that control other endocrine glands. But in fact, the pituitary gland itself is subject behest hypothalamus. The pituitary is divided into three parts, each of which secrete different hormones :
1. The anterior portion (anterior pituitary). a portion located at the front. This section secrete a number of different hormones regulating growth.
Growth hormone
Is also called hormone somatotrofin. Growth hormone (GH) is a hormone that functions to regulate growth. GH is the target cells of bone cells. The secretion of this hormone is very active in its infancy (children). If the amount of this hormone is secreted too much (hipersomatotrof), it will cause massive growth (gigantism, large), but if the adults will cause acromegaly are characterized by a large skull and thick. Conversely, if the levels of this hormone too little (hiposomatotrof) during it will cause dwarfism (dwarfism).
A. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ( TSH )
Is a hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete other hormones.
Prolactin
Prolactin is a hormone that is secreted in the blood stream that will stimulate the mammary glands (mammary gland) to produce and secrete milk. Hormone secretion is stimulated by the fetus in the mother.
B. Gonadotropin Stimulating hormone ( GSH )
Group function of this hormone to stimulate the endocrine gland affect the sex glands. The hormone group will affect the appearance of secondary sex characteristics in men and women. The hormone group consisting of :
√ Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
This hormone affects gonad cells to produce cells gametes (sex cells) during the development of reproductive maturity.
FSH's role is to stimulate,Testes in males [ production of sperm cells ]
The ovaries of females [ maturation of the egg (ovum) through the follicles and the secretion of the hormone estrogen in the endometrium ].
√ Lutenizing Hormone (LH)
As with FSH, these hormones affect the sex glands. This hormone will work interchangeably affect the sex glands. LH function in males : [ stimulating the testes / plural daritestis, produce hormon testosteron ]. LH function in females :[ stimulate ovulation ( the release of eggs that have been matured ) and secretion of the hormone progesterone.
C. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
This hormone stimulates the adrenal glands in the renal cortex to secrete other hormones.
D. Melanocyte stimulating hormone
This section is located at the anterior end near the posterior, therefore some classify into the central part of the pituitary. This hormone stimulates the formation of melanin (pigment) in the skin that would be affected by sunlight. The skin is exposed to sunlight will produce much more melanin pigment is colored black.
2. The posterior portion
Located at the rear, which is part of the hypothalamus that extends downward. These glands secrete two different hormones.
√ Oxytocin
Oxytocin is a hormone that stimulates uterine contractions during birth as well as stimulating the cells of the mammary glands secrete milk for lactation (breastfeeding).
√ Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Also called vasopressin. Stimulates the function of renal tubules and absorb (reabsorption) of water in the process of formation of urine.
4. Thyroid Gland
Thyroid Gland There are two lobes located on the tip of the neck. Composed of protein and mineral iodine compounds. This gland produces several hormones regulated by the hypothalamus through the thyroid stimulating hormone. This hormone thyroxine serves to influence the metabolic processes in the body which is very important during growth. This hormone deficiency in childhood causes dwarfism, moderate if it occurs in adulthood will happen myxoedema which have a low metabolic rate. Myxoedema patients have excess weight materials even though he was just a bit to eat. This is because the food in the metabolic processes in the body very slowly.
√ Calcitonin
This hormone plays a role in the regulation of calcium levels in the blood. Calcium is a mineral needed by the body to perform certain functions, such as blood clotting or the growth of bones and teeth. Calcium obtained from foods into the body. This hormone serves to lower calcium levels when the concentration of calcium in the blood is too high to return to normal concentrations. Calcitonin will lower blood by storing excess calcium in the bones.
5. The parathyroid glands
Composed of parathyroid glands are four small lobs located below the thyroid gland. These glands secrete parathyroid hormone is also involved in the regulation of calcium in the blood. The opposite of the calcitonin hormone produced by the thyroid, parathyroid will increase the amount of calcium in the blood. This is because the calcium intake is reduced. So parathyroid will take the savings of calcium in the bones to meet the need for calcium. Therefore, if this condition is left will occur bone loss (osteoporosis).
6. The thymus gland
There thymus gland in the chest cavity, the size is getting smaller as human growth. Generate thymus hormone that serves to stimulate the maturation of lymphocytes and the development of the immune system in the lymph tissue.
7. Pancreas Gland
Pancreas gland Produces two hormones produced by different cells, serves to control sugar levels in the blood :
• Insulin, produced by the beta cells (ß-cells). Serves to lower blood sugar levels if it is above normal by stimulating the formation of glycogen (a polymer of glucose) in the liver and muscle cells.
• Glucagon is produced by the alpha cells (α-cells). Works opposite to insulin. Glucagon will raise blood sugar levels if the glucose intake is reduced, by stimulating the cells of the liver and muscle to break down glycogen is the reserve of sugar, into glucose which will be distributed to meet the needs of the cell.
8. Adrenal Gland
Divided into two adrenal glands :
• Part of the kidney cortex
Produces the hormones aldosterone or mineralocorticoid hormone
Stimulates the regulation of water and mineral levels in the blood.
√ Cortisol hormones or glucocorticoids : Increase in blood glucose levels by regulating the glucose reabsorption from the primary urine.
√ Androgens corticoid
Produces a hormone androgen, the hormone sex hormone-forming.
• The kidney medulla portion
~ Produces hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine that affects the liver cells to increase glucose levels.
~ Increase metabolic activity by stimulating muscle cells (active).
~ Constricts blood vessels in order to improve the breathing rhythm.
Thus a brief explanation of the hormones in the human body.
Understanding Hormones in Humans and General Functions
Hormones derived from Greet meaning stimulating. Hormone is a Protein compound that is secreted by glands clogged (endocrine) into body fluids (blood). A hormone produced by the gland cells were found in some parts of the body. Hormones also called edokrin system, also known as clogged gland, it is because they do not have a channel spending. Therefore, the transport of the hormone will be carried by the circulatory. Hormones carry messages that will affect target cells (target cells) in metabolism. When the hormone reached the target cells (target cells different from different hormone) hormone will affect the process of protein synthesis and metabolism in target cells. The influence caused by the action of hormones is very slow, very different from the nervous system is very fast in the delivery of the message. This is because the chemical messages carried by hormones related to physical maturation and growth requires a longer time than the messages carried by the nerves. Gland hormone in humans scattered in several parts of the body, which will secrete hormones that affect cell metabolism is different for the target (destination cell).
1. Pineal gland
The gland is composed of a set of small tissue mass near the center of the mammalian brain (almost to the surface of the brain). The pineal gland secretes the hormone melatonin, which serves :
~ Affect pigmentation (color) of the skin.
~ Regulate the biological clock.
The pineal gland is very sensitive to light. Production of the hormone melatonin in the pineal strongly influenced by light. The hormone melatonin to be produced with low light intensity (dark) therefore the evening is the optimum time to produce melatonin by turning off lights when sleeping.
2. Hypothalamus gland
The hypothalamus is a part of the forebrain (diencephalon) located below the thalamus which is a basic part of the brain. The hypothalamus plays an important role in the integration between the hormonal system and the nervous system. The hypothalamus will receive signals / messages from the nervous system and the hypothalamus then sends messages to the pituitary gland hormones or other glands (according to the environmental conditions) to respond to the messages. Liberator cells in the hypothalamus hormones are secreted (released), which will regulate the activity of the pituitary gland. The cells of the hypothalamus is a group of cells neurosekresi (nerve-hormone) which secretes two hormones :
1. liberator hormone (releasing hormone) which will set the pituitary to secrete hormones.
2. Hormone inhibitors (inhibiting hormones) that make stops pituitary secretes hormones.
3. Pituitary gland
The pituitary is a small organ that functions as an endocrine organ located at the base of the hypothalamus. In the past, these glands is known as "the master gland" because it produces a number of hormones that control other endocrine glands. But in fact, the pituitary gland itself is subject behest hypothalamus. The pituitary is divided into three parts, each of which secrete different hormones :
1. The anterior portion (anterior pituitary). a portion located at the front. This section secrete a number of different hormones regulating growth.
Growth hormone
Is also called hormone somatotrofin. Growth hormone (GH) is a hormone that functions to regulate growth. GH is the target cells of bone cells. The secretion of this hormone is very active in its infancy (children). If the amount of this hormone is secreted too much (hipersomatotrof), it will cause massive growth (gigantism, large), but if the adults will cause acromegaly are characterized by a large skull and thick. Conversely, if the levels of this hormone too little (hiposomatotrof) during it will cause dwarfism (dwarfism).
A. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ( TSH )
Is a hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete other hormones.
Prolactin
Prolactin is a hormone that is secreted in the blood stream that will stimulate the mammary glands (mammary gland) to produce and secrete milk. Hormone secretion is stimulated by the fetus in the mother.
B. Gonadotropin Stimulating hormone ( GSH )
Group function of this hormone to stimulate the endocrine gland affect the sex glands. The hormone group will affect the appearance of secondary sex characteristics in men and women. The hormone group consisting of :
√ Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
This hormone affects gonad cells to produce cells gametes (sex cells) during the development of reproductive maturity.
FSH's role is to stimulate,Testes in males [ production of sperm cells ]
The ovaries of females [ maturation of the egg (ovum) through the follicles and the secretion of the hormone estrogen in the endometrium ].
√ Lutenizing Hormone (LH)
As with FSH, these hormones affect the sex glands. This hormone will work interchangeably affect the sex glands. LH function in males : [ stimulating the testes / plural daritestis, produce hormon testosteron ]. LH function in females :[ stimulate ovulation ( the release of eggs that have been matured ) and secretion of the hormone progesterone.
C. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
This hormone stimulates the adrenal glands in the renal cortex to secrete other hormones.
D. Melanocyte stimulating hormone
This section is located at the anterior end near the posterior, therefore some classify into the central part of the pituitary. This hormone stimulates the formation of melanin (pigment) in the skin that would be affected by sunlight. The skin is exposed to sunlight will produce much more melanin pigment is colored black.
2. The posterior portion
Located at the rear, which is part of the hypothalamus that extends downward. These glands secrete two different hormones.
√ Oxytocin
Oxytocin is a hormone that stimulates uterine contractions during birth as well as stimulating the cells of the mammary glands secrete milk for lactation (breastfeeding).
√ Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Also called vasopressin. Stimulates the function of renal tubules and absorb (reabsorption) of water in the process of formation of urine.
4. Thyroid Gland
Thyroid Gland There are two lobes located on the tip of the neck. Composed of protein and mineral iodine compounds. This gland produces several hormones regulated by the hypothalamus through the thyroid stimulating hormone. This hormone thyroxine serves to influence the metabolic processes in the body which is very important during growth. This hormone deficiency in childhood causes dwarfism, moderate if it occurs in adulthood will happen myxoedema which have a low metabolic rate. Myxoedema patients have excess weight materials even though he was just a bit to eat. This is because the food in the metabolic processes in the body very slowly.
√ Calcitonin
This hormone plays a role in the regulation of calcium levels in the blood. Calcium is a mineral needed by the body to perform certain functions, such as blood clotting or the growth of bones and teeth. Calcium obtained from foods into the body. This hormone serves to lower calcium levels when the concentration of calcium in the blood is too high to return to normal concentrations. Calcitonin will lower blood by storing excess calcium in the bones.
5. The parathyroid glands
Composed of parathyroid glands are four small lobs located below the thyroid gland. These glands secrete parathyroid hormone is also involved in the regulation of calcium in the blood. The opposite of the calcitonin hormone produced by the thyroid, parathyroid will increase the amount of calcium in the blood. This is because the calcium intake is reduced. So parathyroid will take the savings of calcium in the bones to meet the need for calcium. Therefore, if this condition is left will occur bone loss (osteoporosis).
6. The thymus gland
There thymus gland in the chest cavity, the size is getting smaller as human growth. Generate thymus hormone that serves to stimulate the maturation of lymphocytes and the development of the immune system in the lymph tissue.
7. Pancreas Gland
Pancreas gland Produces two hormones produced by different cells, serves to control sugar levels in the blood :
• Insulin, produced by the beta cells (ß-cells). Serves to lower blood sugar levels if it is above normal by stimulating the formation of glycogen (a polymer of glucose) in the liver and muscle cells.
• Glucagon is produced by the alpha cells (α-cells). Works opposite to insulin. Glucagon will raise blood sugar levels if the glucose intake is reduced, by stimulating the cells of the liver and muscle to break down glycogen is the reserve of sugar, into glucose which will be distributed to meet the needs of the cell.
8. Adrenal Gland
Divided into two adrenal glands :
• Part of the kidney cortex
Produces the hormones aldosterone or mineralocorticoid hormone
Stimulates the regulation of water and mineral levels in the blood.
√ Cortisol hormones or glucocorticoids : Increase in blood glucose levels by regulating the glucose reabsorption from the primary urine.
√ Androgens corticoid
Produces a hormone androgen, the hormone sex hormone-forming.
• The kidney medulla portion
~ Produces hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine that affects the liver cells to increase glucose levels.
~ Increase metabolic activity by stimulating muscle cells (active).
~ Constricts blood vessels in order to improve the breathing rhythm.
Thus a brief explanation of the hormones in the human body.
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