Stress is a form of physical tension, psychological, emotional person. This tension affects the shape of a person's daily performance. Even stress can make productivity decreased, pain and mental disorders.
Basically, stress is a form of tension, both physically and mentally. Sources of stress called stressor and that causes tension due to stress, called the strain.
According to Robbins (2001) stress can also be interpreted as a condition that suppresses a person's mental state in achieving an occasion in which to achieve this occasion there is a limit or barrier. And if the notion of stress associated with this research, stress itself is a condition that affects the physical or mental state of a person because of pressure from within or from outside a person that can interfere with the implementation of their work.
According to Woolfolk and Richardson (1979) suggest that the cognitive system, the appreciation of stress causing all the events that happen around us will be lived as a stress based on the meaning or interpretation we give to these events, and not because of the event itself. Hence it is said that stress is a perception of a threat or the existence of a shadow of displeasure that move, alerting or make active organism.
Meanwhile, according Handoko (1997), stress is a condition that affects the emotional tension, a person's thought processes and conditions. Stress that is too large can threaten a person's ability to cope with its environment.
Significance strees :
1976 by Hans Selye Stress is the body's response that is not specific to any claims or load it. Based on such understanding can be said when a person experiences stress or load an arduous task but the person can not overcome the tasks assigned to it, the body will not be able to respond to the task, so that the person may experience stress. Responses or actions including physiological and psychological responses.
* The effects of stress by Hans Selye :
Stress can cause negative feelings or the opposite of what is desired or threaten emotional wellbeing. Stress can interfere with the way a person in absorbing reality, solving problems, thinking in general and one's relationships and a sense of belonging.
The occurrence of stress can be caused by something called a stressor, stressor is stimulation initiate or trigger a change. Stressor can be generally classified as internal or external stressors. Internal stressors come from within oneself (pain conditions, menopause, etc).
External stressors come from outside oneself or the environment (death of family members, problems at work, etc).
* Individual factors and social causes stress :
• Sources of stress in a person :
Sometimes the source of the stress is inside oneself. One is through the pain. The level of stress that arises depending on the pain and the age of the individual (Sarafino, 1990). Stress will also appear in person through the assessment of the motivational power of that fight, when someone is experiencing conflict. Conflict is a major source of stress.
• Sources of stress in the family:
Stress here can also be sourced from the interactions among family members, such as :
disputes in financial problems, feeling indifferent to each other, the objectives which differ from each other and others.
For example, differences in the desire of television shows to watch, disputes between parents and children who set his tape out loud, live in an environment that is too crowded, the presence of a new baby. Specifically the addition of this new baby, can lead to feelings of stress mainly on self mothers during pregnancy (besides a sense of excitement, of course), and after birth. Stress on the father's sense of connection with the new members in the family, as fears of a change in the interaction with the mother as his wife or fears of additional costs. The parents who lost their children or because of the death of her partner will feel the loss of meaning (Sarafino, 1990).
• Sources of stress in the community and the environment : subject interaction outside the family environment complements the sources of stress.
For example, children experience stress at school and in some competitive events, such as sports. While some parents experience stress comes from work, and the environment is very complex in nature. Especially 'occupational stress' has been extensively studied.
• Work and Stress :
Almost all people experience stress in their lives in connection with their work. Not infrequently situation 'very complicated' is small and insignificant, but for many people it's a stressful situation so very pronounced and sustained in the long term.
Factors that make it work 'very complicated' :
1. Work demands
work too much and make people work too hard and overtime, as must do.
2. Type of work
type of work itself is more 'very complicated' than on other types of employment. The work was, for example, the type of work which gives an assessment of job performance subordinates (supervision), teachers, and lecturers.
3. A job that demands responsibility for human life
Examples of medical personnel have a heavy workload and had to face a situation of life and death every day. Making mistakes can have serious consequences.
According Sarafino (1990) job stress can be caused by ..
a. Physical environment that is too pressing
b. Lack of perceived control
c. Lack of interpersonal relationships
d. Lack of recognition of the progress of work
• The stress that comes from the environment :
environment is meant here is the physical environment, such as noise, temperature is too hot, kesesakkan, and wind storms (tornado, tsunami waves). Environmental stressors include also macro stressors such as migration, loss due to modern technology such as traffic accidents, nuclear disaster (Peterson et al, 1991) and school factors (Graham, 1989).
v The General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
With Latin, Hans Selye, M.D. the phases of this stress and mentions as the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS), according to Selye GAS also consists of 3 phases :
1. Shocked reaction (alarm reaction) when the body starts to detect external stimulus.
2. Adaptation when issuing source of defense against stress (stressor).
3. Fatigue (exhaustion) when the body begins to run out of power defenses.
v Types of stress :
1. Pressure
the results of the relationship between events environments with people. a form of pressure generated will depend on the source of the pressure and the way individuals react. Mental stress is a part of the daily life. Patients referred to the events that led to the tranquility of individuals felt threatened by events such environments and cause individuals react. You may experience stress when at work, adjusting to new environments, or through social relations. Simple mental stress may be a driving force to the one by one action and accomplishment but if your mental pressure is too high, it may cause social problems and so interfere with your health.
2. Frustration
Frustration is a desired expectations and the reality of the matter is not as expected.
3.Conflict
Derived from the Latin verb that means to beat each other configere. Sociologically, the conflict is defined as a social process between two or more people (can also group) where one party trying to get rid of the other party to destroy it or make it powerless.
4. Worry
A lot of sense / definition formulated by experts in formulating an understanding of anxiety. Some experts are trying to put forward the definition of anxiety, among others :
~ Maramis (1995) states that anxiety is a tension, insecurity, fear, which arises because perceived will experience unpleasant incident.
~ Lazarus (1991) states that anxiety is an individual reaction to things that will be faced. Anxiety is a painful feeling, like anxiety, confusion, and so on, which are associated with the subjective aspect of emotion. Anxiety is a common symptom at this point, because it is along the journey of human life, from birth until the death, anxiety is often.
~ Saranson and Spielberger (in Darmawanti 1998) states that anxiety is a reaction to an experience for individuals perceived as a threat. Anxiety is a feeling of uncertainty, panic, fear, without knowing what is feared and can not eliminate the feelings of anxiety and anxiety is.
~ Tjakrawerdaya (1987) suggested that anxiety or anxiety is the effect or unpleasant feelings such as tension, insecurity and fear which arises because perceived there will be something of a disappointment but the source is not recognized by most of the relevant.
v Problem solving approach to stress
• Spontaneous coping strategies to overcome stress :
Social support and related concepts :
some authors put the social support, especially in the context of an intimate relationship or 'quality of relationships' (Winnubst et al, 1988). According to Robin & Salovey (1989) marriage and the family is perhaps an important source of social support.
Familiar is important in the matter of social support, and only those who are not established an intimacy are at risk. Other scientists in order to establish social support social networking. Wellman (1985) lay in the social support network analysis looser :
social support which can only be understood if one knows about the structure of a wider network that includes an integrated. Structural aspects of this network covers living arrangements, frequency of contact, participation in social activities, participation in social networks (Ritter, 1988).
Rook (1985) considers social support as a linkage between functions (or bonding) social.
Covers functional aspects : emotional support, encourage the expression of feelings, giving advice or information, provision of material assistance (Ritter, 1988). Social ties describes the level and general quality of interpersonal relationships.
Social support as 'cognition' or 'social fact' ;
“ Social support consists of information or advice verbal and / or non-verbal, real help, or actions provided by the social familiarity or acquired because of their presence and have emotional or behavioral effects benefits for the reception "(Gottlieb, 1983).
Types of social support :
o Emotional support
o Support awards
o Support instrumental
o Support informative
Thank for read.
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